Matlab can adjust for HiDPI (2K, 4K, etc.) displays. HiDPI Matlab IDE resolution (icon and font size) can be manually corrected from within Matlab on any operating system.

Matlab has programmatic DPI access to get / set information on DPI as well as numerous other Matlab characteristics via settings.

Matlab DPI setting:

S = settings;
S.matlab.desktop.DisplayScaleFactor

returns existing display scale like:

ActiveValue: 1
TemporaryValue: <no value>
PersonalValue: <no value>
FactoryValue: 1

set a new persistent DisplayScaleFactor by setting:

S = settings;
S.matlab.desktop.DisplayScaleFactor.PersonalValue = 1.25  % bigger number, larger icons & text

Verify the settings has taken effect after Matlab restart by:

S = settings;
S.matlab.desktop.DisplayScaleFactor

resulting in:

     ActiveValue: 1.2500
  TemporaryValue: <no value>
   PersonalValue: 1.2500
    FactoryValue: 1

Reference